Known as "Ramesses the Great," he signed the world’s first known peace treaty and built Abu Simbel. 🏛️ The Late Period & Ptolemaic Era (c. 664–30 BC) The Final Dynasties

After a period of chaos (the First Intermediate Period), Mentuhotep II reunited Egypt, ushering in a "classic" age.

Built during the 4th Dynasty, these monuments served as tombs for Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.

Conquered Egypt in 332 BC and founded the city of Alexandria.

A Greek dynasty that ruled for three centuries. They adopted Egyptian customs but kept Greek as the language of government.

Massive irrigation works turned the Fayum oasis into a lush agricultural hub.