An external voltage forces lithium ions back from the cathode to the anode, where they are stored between graphite layers.
The operation of an LIB is based on , a process where lithium ions move back and forth between the cathode and anode through an electrolyte.
Lithium ions move from the negative anode to the positive cathode. Electrons flow through the external circuit to power the electric motor.
During the first charge, a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) forms on the anode. This layer is crucial for long-term stability as it prevents electrolyte decomposition while allowing lithium ions to pass.
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