Brier [TRUSTED]

: The undersides of the leaves and the flower stalks (pedicels) are densely covered in tiny, sticky glandular hairs .

: These glands secrete aromatic oils that release a sharp, sweet apple-like fragrance when the leaves are brushed, crushed, or even just dampened by rain. : The undersides of the leaves and the

: Measures how close the predicted probabilities are to the actual true frequencies. If you predict a 70% chance of rain, it should actually rain 70% of the time. If you predict a 70% chance of rain,

: Measures how much the predictions differ from the overall base rate. A model that always predicts the average (e.g., 0.5) has no resolution. : This scent is a reliable field identification

: This scent is a reliable field identification mark; for example, the similar Dog Rose ( Rosa canina ) lacks these scent-producing glands. 2. Statistical: The Brier Score Decomposition