: Using your card at a merchant is typically the cheapest way to spend. Your bank or the card network (Visa/Mastercard) handles the conversion at a rate very close to the interbank rate.

: This is the best way to get physical cash in a foreign country. Avoiding high-commission airport kiosks and city-center exchange bureaus—which often have unfavorable rates—is a primary rule for savvy travelers. 2. Understanding the Fee Structure

Most standard bank-issued debit cards come with three distinct layers of fees: 8 Important Tips for Foreign Cash Withdrawals

When you use a debit card abroad, you are essentially "buying" foreign currency in real-time.

Buying Foreign Currency with a Debit Card: A Strategic Guide