: The rise of fair trade and economic growth in countries like India, Brazil, and China are significantly altering global food trade patterns [12].
: To address land scarcity, vertical farming uses vertically stacked layers and soil-free techniques like aeroponics (suspending roots in air) and hydroponics (nutrient-rich water) to grow food year-round in cities [6, 19]. farming
: Extreme weather—like floods and droughts—remains the biggest threat to crop productivity and growing seasons [39]. : The rise of fair trade and economic