Once the crude steel is produced, it undergoes to achieve precise chemical specifications.

: Limestone acts as a flux, combining with impurities like silica to form slag , which floats on the molten iron and is removed. 2. Primary Steelmaking

This stage transforms molten iron or scrap into crude steel by reducing carbon content and removing further impurities.

: In a Blast Furnace (BF) , these materials are heated. Coke acts as both a fuel and a reducing agent, removing oxygen from the iron ore to produce molten iron (or pig iron).