Many kathoey use Theravada Buddhism to frame their identity, sometimes viewing their gender status as a result of "bad karma" while simultaneously performing acts of merit to improve their future rebirths. Vulnerabilities in the Sex Industry
Discrimination in mainstream employment often funnels these individuals into specific sectors, most notably the entertainment and sex industries. ladyboys in extreme sex
The intersection of gender identity and sex work creates heightened risks, often described in narratives of "extreme" or coercive experiences: Many kathoey use Theravada Buddhism to frame their
In Thailand and Cambodia, "ladyboys" are often more visible than transgender individuals in the West, yet they face significant systemic challenges: This includes being forced into sexual acts through
Studies indicate a high vulnerability to abuse. This includes being forced into sexual acts through physical struggle or threats with weapons.
Beyond the vulnerabilities, many individuals find empowerment through transition and community: