Martyr [ Full – 2025 ]

: An experimental investigation into the "ego ideal" versus the "superego" to predict who is most likely to be positively influenced by martyrlike behavior.

This paper suggests a rational explanation for extreme voluntary sacrifice. It argues that early Christian martyrs were often driven by the expectation of a "cult" in this world (fame, remembrance, and community honors) rather than just otherworldly rewards. It explores how such cults can fuel fanaticism and sometimes get out of control for the sponsoring organization. 2. Psychological & Behavioral Perspectives martyr

: Analyzes how the Arab Spring shifted the image of the martyr from a state-produced figure to a citizen-led symbol of agency and human rights . : An experimental investigation into the "ego ideal"