: Increasing debt and nationalist uprisings weakened central control. 4. Collapse (1908–1922)
: Reforms in the 19th century modernized education and the military.
: Doubled empire size; took control of the Islamic Holy Cities. OsmanlД± Tarihi
: Captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire. 2. The Golden Age (1453–1566)
📍 The Ottomans left a profound mark on Islamic architecture, multi-ethnic governance, and the modern borders of the Middle East and Balkans. If you'd like, I can: : Increasing debt and nationalist uprisings weakened central
: Captured Byzantine territories in Anatolia and the Balkans.
: Reached the gates of Vienna and dominated the Mediterranean. OsmanlД± Tarihi
: Allying with the Central Powers led to total defeat and occupation.