Field Theory In Curved Spacetime: Quant... | Quantum

: In the early, rapidly expanding universe, time-varying gravitational fields can "excite" the vacuum, creating elementary particles that seed the large-scale structure of the universe. Robert Wald - Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime

bj=∑i(αjiai+βji*ai†)b sub j equals sum over i of open paren alpha sub j i end-sub a sub i plus beta sub j i end-sub raised to the * power a sub i raised to the † power close paren If the "mixing coefficient" βjibeta sub j i end-sub is non-zero, the vacuum of the first observer ( Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime: Quant...

This framework predicts several landmark effects that bridge the gap between thermodynamics, gravity, and quantum mechanics: : In the early, rapidly expanding universe, time-varying