: Acknowledging the pain caused by addictive behaviors.

: A set of practices used simultaneously to maintain sobriety, including Right Understanding , Right Intention , Communication/Community , Action , Livelihood/Service , Effort , Mindfulness , and Concentration . About — Refuge Recovery World Services

The program views addiction as a form of suffering caused by repetitive cravings in the mind and body. It is grounded in two primary Buddhist frameworks adapted for recovery: :