South Africa: The Rise And Fall Of Apartheid -

: Non-whites were required to carry "passes" (internal passports) to enter or work in white-only areas; failure to produce one resulted in immediate arrest.

While formal apartheid ended with the 1994 elections and the adoption of a new constitution in 1996, its legacy persists. South Africa remains one of the most unequal countries in the world, with significant disparities in wealth, land ownership, and access to quality education still largely following racial lines. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid

: In 1990, President F.W. de Klerk unbanned opposition parties and released Nelson Mandela. After four years of tense negotiations, the first multiracial elections were held on April 27, 1994 , resulting in Mandela becoming the country’s first Black president. Enduring Legacy : Non-whites were required to carry "passes" (internal

: The Group Areas Act (1950) mandated separate residential areas, leading to the forced removal of millions of non-white South Africans from their homes. : In 1990, President F