The Great Arab Conquests: How The Spread Of Isl... May 2026

: By the mid-eighth century, the caliphates controlled roughly 13 million square kilometers, including the Iberian Peninsula (Spain), North Africa, the Levant, and Central Asia.

Unlike many nomadic invasions, the Arab conquests were followed by a lasting cultural and linguistic integration that defines the modern Middle East and North Africa. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Isl...

Within just one hundred years following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, Arab armies established an empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the borders of China and India in the east. : By the mid-eighth century, the caliphates controlled