After Suleiman, the empire faced internal and external pressures.
: Internal unrest disrupted Anatolian agriculture and security. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650
(r. 1512–1520) shifted focus to the Islamic heartlands: Defeated the Safavids in Persia. After Suleiman, the empire faced internal and external
The "Ottoman System" was designed for stability and efficiency. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650
used massive cannons to breach the "impregnable" walls of Constantinople. He renamed it Istanbul , turning it into a thriving cosmopolitan hub and ending the Byzantine Empire. Expansion East and South