: It was frequently worn over a padded arming cap (to absorb impact) and under a heavy steel helmet.

: Traditionally a simple, cylindrical shape made of white linen, it covers the top, back, and sides of the head and is typically secured by tying under the chin .

: By the Elizabethan era, coifs became highly ornamental, featuring intricate blackwork embroidery, lace edging, and luxurious materials like silk and metal-wrapped threads. 2. The Chainmail Coif